差動駆動ロボットクラス向けの汎用軌道最適化フレームワーク
Universal Trajectory Optimization Framework for Differential Drive Robot Class
二輪・四輪スキッドステア・クローラなど様々な差動駆動ロボットに共通して使える軌道最適化フレームワークを提案し、多項式パラメータ化で高品質な軌道を短時間で生成、実機検証も行った。
著者: Mengke Zhang, Nanhe Chen, Hu Wang, Jianxiong Qiu, Zhichao Han, Qiuyu Ren, Chao Xu, Fei Gao, Yanjun Cao
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Differential drive robots are widely used in various scenarios thanks to their straightforward principle, from household service robots to disaster response field robots. There are several types of driving mechanisms for real-world applications, including two-wheeled, four-wheeled skid-steering, tracked robots, and so on. The differences in the driving mechanisms usually require specific kinematic modeling when precise control is desired. Furthermore, the nonholonomic dynamics and possible lateral slip lead to different degrees of difficulty in getting feasible and high-quality trajectories. Therefore, a comprehensive trajectory optimization framework to compute trajectories efficiently for various kinds of differential drive robots is highly desirable. In this paper, we propose a universal trajectory optimization framework that can be applied to differential drive robots, enabling the generation of high-quality trajectories within a restricted computational timeframe. We introduce a novel trajectory representation based on polynomial parameterization of motion states or their integrals, such as angular and linear velocities, which inherently matches the robots' motion to the control principle. The trajectory optimization problem is formulated to minimize complexity while prioritizing safety and operational efficiency. We then build a full-stack autonomous planning and control system to demonstrate its feasibility and robustness. We conduct extensive simulations and real-world testing in crowded environments with three kinds of differential drive robots to validate the effectiveness of our approach.
