デュアルKD木とMPCによる地図構築不要の障害物回避飛行
Mapless Collision-Free Flight via MPC using Dual KD-Trees in Cluttered Environments
3D地図や軌道生成を使わず、深度カメラの点群とスパースなウェイポイントからMPCで直接安全な飛行を実現する手法を提案。障害物用とエッジ用の2つのKD木で局所解を回避し、最大12m/sの高速飛行を可能にした。
著者: Linzuo Zhang, Yu Hu, Yang Deng, Feng Yu, Danping Zou
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Collision-free flight in cluttered environments is a critical capability for autonomous quadrotors. Traditional methods often rely on detailed 3D map construction, trajectory generation, and tracking. However, this cascade pipeline can introduce accumulated errors and computational delays, limiting flight agility and safety. In this paper, we propose a novel method for enabling collision-free flight in cluttered environments without explicitly constructing 3D maps or generating and tracking collision-free trajectories. Instead, we leverage Model Predictive Control (MPC) to directly produce safe actions from sparse waypoints and point clouds from a depth camera. These sparse waypoints are dynamically adjusted online based on nearby obstacles detected from point clouds. To achieve this, we introduce a dual KD-Tree mechanism: the Obstacle KD-Tree quickly identifies the nearest obstacle for avoidance, while the Edge KD-Tree provides a robust initial guess for the MPC solver, preventing it from getting stuck in local minima during obstacle avoidance. We validate our approach through extensive simulations and real-world experiments. The results show that our approach significantly outperforms the mapping-based methods and is also superior to imitation learning-based methods, demonstrating reliable obstacle avoidance at up to 12 m/s in simulations and 6 m/s in real-world tests. Our method provides a simple and robust alternative to existing methods. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/SJTU-ViSYS-team/avoid-mpc.
