視覚-言語-行動モデルのスケーリング再考：アラインメント・混合・正則化
Rethinking Visual-Language-Action Model Scaling: Alignment, Mixture, and Regularization
VLAモデルのスケーリングを体系的に検証し、エンドエフェクタ相対の行動表現が異なる身体間の転移に重要である一方、異種ロボットデータの単純な混合は負の転移を招くことを示した研究。
詳しい要約
1. どんなもの？
2. 先行研究と比べてどこがすごい？
3. 技術・手法の肝は？
4. どうやって有効だと検証した？
5. 議論はある？
6. 次に読むべき論文は？
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著者: Ye Wang, Sipeng Zheng, Hao Luo, Wanpeng Zhang, Haoqi Yuan, Chaoyi Xu, Haiweng Xu, Yicheng Feng, Mingyang Yu, Zhiyu Kang, Zongqing Lu, Qin Jin
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show strong promise for generalist robot control, it remains unclear whether -- and under what conditions -- the standard "scale data" recipe translates to robotics, where training data is inherently heterogeneous across embodiments, sensors, and action spaces. We present a systematic, controlled study of VLA scaling that revisits core training choices for pretraining across diverse robots. Using a representative VLA framework that combines a vision-language backbone with flow-matching, we ablate key design decisions under matched conditions and evaluate in extensive simulation and real-robot experiments. To improve the reliability of real-world results, we introduce a Grouped Blind Ensemble protocol that blinds operators to model identity and separates policy execution from outcome judgment, reducing experimenter bias. Our analysis targets three dimensions of VLA scaling. (1) Physical alignment: we show that a unified end-effector (EEF)-relative action representation is critical for robust cross-embodiment transfer. (2) Embodiment mixture: we find that naively pooling heterogeneous robot datasets often induces negative transfer rather than gains, underscoring the fragility of indiscriminate data scaling. (3) Training regularization: we observe that intuitive strategies, such as sensory dropout and multi-stage fine-tuning, do not consistently improve performance at scale. Together, this study challenge some common assumptions about embodied scaling and provide practical guidance for training large-scale VLA policies from diverse robotic data. Project website: https://research.beingbeyond.com/rethink_vla
