熱空気圧ピクセル：高速・局所・堅牢・低電圧な触覚フィードバック
Thermopneumatic Pixels: Fast, Localized, Robust, Low-Voltage Touch Feedback
電気パルスで内部空気を加熱膨張させ、薄型で高速・低電圧駆動の局所的な触覚提示を実現する熱空気圧ピクセルを提案し、その特性と知覚効果を評価した。
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著者: Max Linnander, Yon Visell
分類: cs.HC, cs.ET, cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
We present thermopneumatic pixels (TPPs) -- low-profile pixels and arrays that generate dynamic tactile feedback. These devices are thin, fast, reconfigurable, and output localized transient displacements at each pixel. Their parsimonious design -- a layered architecture without internal moving parts -- and low-voltage ($\lesssim$10 V) operation may facilitate practical integration in a wide variety of interfaces. Each TPP converts brief electrical pulses into transient air pressure increases in an internal cavity, yielding out-of-plane forces and displacements for tactile feedback. We demonstrate TPPs that output displacements of 1 mm and forces exceeding 1 N, with millisecond response times, in packages that are less than 3 mm thick. Force and displacement increase with pixel surface area, facilitating tailorability. The pixels can also generate oscillating feedback at pulse rates up to 300 Hz range. We report designs for compact arrays of pixels at 4 mm spacing, and simple pulse driving architectures using miniature transistors driven by microcontrollers. We characterize the mechanical, dynamic, and thermal response of TPPs, and their robustness and consistency over tens of thousands of cycles. We report perceptual experiments on spatial localization and intensity as a function of driving power. Together, these results establish thermopneumatic pixels as a compact, adaptable tactile technology that blends performance and practicality.
