多様な流速下でのソフトロボット遊泳における制御学習層の活用
Learning Control as Enabling Layer for Embodied Intelligence Research explored with Soft Robotic Swimming in diverse Flow Speeds
ソフトロボットの遊泳運動を、流速が変化する環境下でも正確に追従させるため、PID制御に線形反復学習推定法を組み合わせた制御手法を提案・評価した。
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著者: Fabian Schwab, Federico Allione, Bingcheng Wang, Mohamed El Arayshi, Claudio Mucignat, Ivan Lunati, Cristiano Verrelli, Ardian Jusufi
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Soft robots are valuable robophysical platforms for studying body-caudal undulatory locomotion, but their compliant bodies are difficult to control precisely under changing hydrodynamic loading. Conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback stabilizes periodic undulation in static water, but can accumulate flow-dependent tracking delay and increasing inter-trial variability when environmental flow becomes non-trivial. Here, we evaluate whether augmenting PID control with a Linear Repetitive Learning Estimation Scheme (PID-LRLES) recovers tracking accuracy and repeatability under dynamic flow. The LRLES generalizes classical integral action from constant to periodic, non-constant references, while using a stable transfer-function realization whose poles have negative real parts to avoid the long-term instability issues of classical repetitive control. Closed-loop experiments were carried out in a recirculating flow tank at five bulk flow speeds spanning 0 to 32.6 cm s^-1, using an embedded soft capacitive bending sensor at a 1 kHz control-loop rate. With controller gains tuned once in static water and then held fixed across all conditions, PID-LRLES tracked the periodic bending-envelope reference more closely than the PID baseline and significantly reduced the inter-trial spread of the per-trial RMSE (paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p = 1.8 x 10^-4, n = 25). Embedded soft proprioception and cycle-to-cycle learning act as complementary contributors to robustness: the sensor exposes the periodic hydrodynamic bias in body deformation, while the learning term absorbs it over recent oscillation cycles. By reducing flow-dependent control-induced variability, the approach provides an enabling layer for future robophysical studies seeking to isolate the effects of morphology, sensing, and environmental flow on aquatic locomotion.
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