非対称物理が四足ロボット群の効率的学習を可能にする
Asymmetric physics enables efficient learning in quadrupedal robot swarms
四足ロボットの大規模群れにおいて、視覚ベースの分散制御を効率的に学習するため、訓練中に高忠実度シミュレータと微分可能サロゲートモデルを組み合わせる非対称物理を導入し、最大512台のロボットが協調ナビゲーションを学習できることを示した。
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著者: Yuang Zhang, Yunlong Song, Zhihao He, Zelin Ni, Kangyu Wang, Tianchi Liu, Yu Hu, Feng Yu, Danping Zou, Weiyao Lin
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Animal collectives navigate cluttered environments through local coordination, yet robot swarms still struggle to reproduce this capability in the physical world. End-to-end learning offers a route to such coordination, but scaling it to embodied swarms remains difficult: standard sampling-based reinforcement learning becomes inefficient when visual perception, dense robot-robot interaction, and contact-rich locomotion must be learned together. Here we show that asymmetric physics enables efficient end-to-end learning of vision-based, decentralized control in large swarms of quadrupedal robots. During training, quadrupeds interact in shared environments, where a high-fidelity, non-differentiable simulator generates realistic motion and contact dynamics, and differentiable surrogate models provide gradients for navigation and locomotion policies. This separation enables up to 512 quadrupeds to learn coordinated navigation policies in obstacle-rich environments. At deployment, each robot acts from a single forward-facing depth camera, without explicit communication, centralized planning, or global maps. The policies generalize across forests, bridges, enclosures, narrow passages, and mazes, and zero-shot transfer to six physical quadrupeds across five real-world scenarios. The resulting swarms exhibit predictive avoidance, right-side yielding, pausing before bottlenecks, and wall following, showing that asymmetric physics enables efficient training of scalable decentralized control policies for quadrupedal robot swarms.
