壁支持二足歩行のためのマルチレート非線形モデル予測制御：四足ロボットの統合的計画・制御フレームワーク
Multi-Rate Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Wall-Supported Bipedal Locomotion of Quadrupedal Robots
四足ロボットが壁を利用して二足歩行するための、接触点と重心軌道を同時に計画するマルチレート非線形モデル予測制御（MR-NMPC）と全身制御を組み合わせた階層的制御フレームワークを提案した。シミュレーションで不整地や外乱下での頑健性を実証した。
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著者: Taizoon Chunawala, Jeeseop Kim, Kaveh Akbari Hamed
分類: cs.RO, math.OC
原文アブストラクト
This paper presents a novel layered planning and control framework based on multi-rate nonlinear model predictive control (MR-NMPC) that enables quadrupedal robots to perform hybrid bipedal locomotion with wall-assisted support in constrained environments. Real-time trajectory optimization for this locomotion presents significant challenges, as the controller must simultaneously plan for both the contact points and the continuous trajectories of the robot's center of mass (CoM) and orientation within the robot's nonlinear dynamics while accounting for unilateral contact constraints, underactuation, and the switching nature of the robot's dynamics. At the high level of the control framework, an MR-NMPC is proposed, which dynamically plans both the discrete-time trajectories of the contact points and the continuous-time trajectories of the CoM and orientation, using a single rigid body (SRB) dynamics model. By incorporating contact-point planning within the multi-rate optimal control framework, this approach enhances dynamic stability compared to heuristic foot placement strategies. At the low level of the control framework, a nonlinear whole-body controller (WBC) based on virtual constraints and a quadratic program enforces full-order dynamics and tracks the MR-NMPC references. The proposed approach is validated through extensive numerical simulations demonstrating the robust wall-assisted bipedal locomotion of a Unitree A1 quadrupedal robot on rough terrains and under external disturbances in a constrained environment. Comparative analysis shows that the proposed MR-NMPC achieves a 2.9 times higher success rate compared to conventional MPC with heuristic-based foot placement strategies in negotiating irregular terrain at high speeds.
