高速衝突回避のためのタスク空間後退ホライゾン制御
A Task-Space Receding Horizon Controller for Fast Collision Avoidance
短い接触整合ロールアウトを用いて終端運動学参照を生成し、滑らかな最小加速度遷移の最初の入力のみを計算することで、動的障害物に対する高速衝突回避を実現する制御手法を提案した。
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著者: Mattia Penzotti, Marco Controzzi
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Real-time collision avoidance for robotic manipulators requires fast reactions to unexpected obstacle motion and lookahead to avoid becoming trapped by near-future constraints. Full model predictive control can provide this foresight, but its online cost may grow quickly with horizon length, model fidelity, and the number of active geometric constraints. Conversely, horizon-free reactive methods are computationally efficient but can be short-sighted in dynamic clutter. We present a task-space receding-horizon controller that uses a short contact-consistent rollout to generate a terminal kinematic reference satisfying internal non-penetration constraints, then computes only the first input of a smooth minimum-acceleration transition toward that reference. Starting from a closed-loop inverse-kinematics regulation law, the rollout is performed with an iterative dynamics solver operating on inflated convex robot and obstacle geometries, so that robot-obstacle contacts, dynamic obstacle motion, and self-collisions can shape the terminal reference without requiring full constrained trajectory optimization. We analyze the contact-inactive closed loop and show local exponential task-space regulation under standard regularity assumptions. For contacts activated inside the rollout, we characterize the corresponding discrete updates and bound the effect of moving obstacles on regular operating sets. Simulations on a 40-DOF multi-chain system show that intermediate horizons balance anticipation, responsiveness, and computational cost. Hardware experiments on a 6-DOF platform demonstrate consistent sim-to-real behavior without accurate inertial parameter estimation, and comparisons against dynamic optimization fabrics and model predictive control (MPC) baselines show improved success rates in dynamic clutter while preserving solve times compatible with real-time execution in the tested regimes.
