移動ロボットシステムによるオンライン樹木再構成と森林インベントリ
Online Tree Reconstruction and Forest Inventory on a Mobile Robotic System
移動型レーザースキャナを用いて、森林内を移動しながらリアルタイムで樹木を検出・再構成し、森林インベントリをオンライン生成するシステムを提案した。ポーズグラフLiDAR SLAMでデータを逐次更新し、TLSや手動測定に匹敵する精度を達成した。
著者: Leonard Freißmuth, Matias Mattamala, Nived Chebrolu, Simon Schaefer, Stefan Leutenegger, Maurice Fallon
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is the standard technique used to create accurate point clouds for digital forest inventories. However, the measurement process is demanding, requiring up to two days per hectare for data collection, significant data storage, as well as resource-heavy post-processing of 3D data. In this work, we present a real-time mapping and analysis system that enables online generation of forest inventories using mobile laser scanners that can be mounted e.g. on mobile robots. Given incrementally created and locally accurate submaps-data payloads-our approach extracts tree candidates using a custom, Voronoi-inspired clustering algorithm. Tree candidates are reconstructed using an adapted Hough algorithm, which enables robust modeling of the tree stem. Further, we explicitly incorporate the incremental nature of the data collection by consistently updating the database using a pose graph LiDAR SLAM system. This enables us to refine our estimates of the tree traits if an area is revisited later during a mission. We demonstrate competitive accuracy to TLS or manual measurements using laser scanners that we mounted on backpacks or mobile robots operating in conifer, broad-leaf and mixed forests. Our results achieve RMSE of 1.93 cm, a bias of 0.65 cm and a standard deviation of 1.81 cm (averaged across these sequences)-with no post-processing required after the mission is complete.
