速度障害物に基づく制御バリア関数を用いた動的衝突回避
Dynamic Collision Avoidance Using Velocity Obstacle-Based Control Barrier Functions
加速度制御ユニサイクルロボットに対し、速度空間で速度障害物ベースの制御バリア関数(VOCBF)を構築し、混合整数二次計画問題として安全臨界制御器を定式化することで、高速移動障害物を含む動的環境での衝突回避性能を向上させた研究。
著者: Jihao Huang, Jun Zeng, Xuemin Chi, Koushil Sreenath, Zhitao Liu, Hongye Su
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Designing safety-critical controllers for acceleration-controlled unicycle robots is challenging, as control inputs may not appear in the constraints of control Lyapunov functions(CLFs) and control barrier functions (CBFs), leading to invalid controllers. Existing methods often rely on state-feedback-based CLFs and high-order CBFs (HOCBFs), which are computationally expensive to construct and fail to maintain effectiveness in dynamic environments with fast-moving, nearby obstacles. To address these challenges, we propose constructing velocity obstacle-based CBFs (VOCBFs) in the velocity space to enhance dynamic collision avoidance capabilities, instead of relying on distance-based CBFs that require the introduction of HOCBFs. Additionally, by extending VOCBFs using variants of VO, we enable reactive collision avoidance between robots. We formulate a safety-critical controller for acceleration-controlled unicycle robots as a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP), integrating state-feedback-based CLFs for navigation and VOCBFs for collision avoidance. To enhance the efficiency of solving the MIQP, we split the MIQP into multiple sub-optimization problems and employ a decision network to reduce computational costs. Numerical simulations demonstrate that our approach effectively guides the robot to its target while avoiding collisions. Compared to HOCBFs, VOCBFs exhibit significantly improved dynamic obstacle avoidance performance, especially when obstacles are fast-moving and close to the robot. Furthermore, we extend our method to distributed multi-robot systems.
