VLM-SAFE: 視覚言語モデルと世界モデルによる安全志向の自動運転強化学習
VLM-SAFE: Vision-Language Model-Guided Safety-Aware Reinforcement Learning with World Models for Autonomous Driving
視覚言語モデルでシーンの意味的な安全信号を得て、世界モデルで将来軌道を想像し、その安全性を評価して方策を学習するオフライン安全強化学習フレームワークを提案。
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著者: Yansong Qu, Zilin Huang, Zihao Sheng, Jiancong Chen, Yue Leng, Samuel Labi, Sikai Chen
分類: cs.RO, cs.AI
原文アブストラクト
Autonomous driving policy learning with reinforcement learning (RL) is fundamentally limited by low sample efficiency, weak generalization, and a dependence on unsafe online trial-and-error interactions. Although safe RL introduces explicit constraints or costs, existing methods often fail to capture the semantic meaning of safety in real driving scenes, leading to conservative behaviors in simple cases and insufficient risk awareness in complex ones. To address this issue, we propose VLM-SAFE, an offline safe RL framework that follows a human cognitive loop of observe-imagine-evaluate-act. Starting from offline driving data, VLM-SAFE observes traffic scenarios and leverages a vision-language model (VLM) to provide semantic safety signals grounded in scene understanding. A learned world model then imagines future trajectories from the observed context, enabling the agent to reason about possible consequences without interacting with the real environment. Rather than using imagined rollouts solely for return estimation, VLM-SAFE further evaluates these predicted futures with VLM-based safety guidance, explicitly coupling future anticipation with semantic risk assessment. The resulting safety-aware imagined experience is finally used to optimize the policy via actor-critic learning, such that actions are chosen based on both predicted outcomes and their safety implications. By tightly integrating observation, imagination, evaluation, and action into a unified closed loop, VLM-SAFE enables safer and more efficient offline policy learning for autonomous driving. Extensive experiments in simulation show that VLM-SAFE achieves improved safety, stronger robustness under traffic-density shift, and a better safety-performance trade-off than representative baselines.
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