CERBERUS：DARPA地下トンネル・都市環境における脚式・飛行ロボットの自律探査
CERBERUS: Autonomous Legged and Aerial Robotic Exploration in the Tunnel and Urban Circuits of the DARPA Subterranean Challenge
DARPA地下チャレンジ向けに、四脚ロボットと飛行ロボットを統合し、カメラ・LiDAR・慣性センサの融合と集中型マップ最適化で地下環境を自律探査するシステムを構築した。
著者: Marco Tranzatto, Frank Mascarich, Lukas Bernreiter, Carolina Godinho, Marco Camurri, Shehryar Khattak, Tung Dang, Victor Reijgwart, Johannes Loeje, David Wisth, Samuel Zimmermann, Huan Nguyen, Marius Fehr, Lukas Solanka, Russell Buchanan, Marko Bjelonic, Nikhil Khedekar, Mathieu Valceschini, Fabian Jenelten, Mihir Dharmadhikari, Timon Homberger, Paolo De Petris, Lorenz Wellhausen, Mihir Kulkarni, Takahiro Miki, Satchel Hirsch, Markus Montenegro, Christos Papachristos, Fabian Tresoldi, Jan Carius, Giorgio Valsecchi, Joonho Lee, Konrad Meyer, Xiangyu Wu, Juan Nieto, Andy Smith, Marco Hutter, Roland Siegwart, Mark Mueller, Maurice Fallon, Kostas Alexis
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Autonomous exploration of subterranean environments constitutes a major frontier for robotic systems as underground settings present key challenges that can render robot autonomy hard to achieve. This has motivated the DARPA Subterranean Challenge, where teams of robots search for objects of interest in various underground environments. In response, the CERBERUS system-of-systems is presented as a unified strategy towards subterranean exploration using legged and flying robots. As primary robots, ANYmal quadruped systems are deployed considering their endurance and potential to traverse challenging terrain. For aerial robots, both conventional and collision-tolerant multirotors are utilized to explore spaces too narrow or otherwise unreachable by ground systems. Anticipating degraded sensing conditions, a complementary multi-modal sensor fusion approach utilizing camera, LiDAR, and inertial data for resilient robot pose estimation is proposed. Individual robot pose estimates are refined by a centralized multi-robot map optimization approach to improve the reported location accuracy of detected objects of interest in the DARPA-defined coordinate frame. Furthermore, a unified exploration path planning policy is presented to facilitate the autonomous operation of both legged and aerial robots in complex underground networks. Finally, to enable communication between the robots and the base station, CERBERUS utilizes a ground rover with a high-gain antenna and an optical fiber connection to the base station, alongside breadcrumbing of wireless nodes by our legged robots. We report results from the CERBERUS system-of-systems deployment at the DARPA Subterranean Challenge Tunnel and Urban Circuits, along with the current limitations and the lessons learned for the benefit of the community.
